The History of the Magor Hill from the Late Stone Age to the Middle Age.

   West  of  large  village  of  Veszto in Bekes county  arises  the Magor Hill on the  left side of the Holt Sebes Koros river. Through the finds from  the prehistoric  ages,  we  can  obtain an insight into the everyday life and the world  of belief of the peoples and ethnic groups settling here. The peoples following  each  other in time and, with shorter or longer interruptions,living a settled life here for thousands of  years left acivilization layer  of  considerable thickness-consisting of the  ruins  theirhouses and house-hold waste measuring 700 cm, dividing into buil-ding layers of 9 civilizations.

 		   Magor
 
   At  the bottom of the row of layers of Magor Hill we found the layers of the civili-zations of the late Stone Age, blooming between 3500-2600 B.C. It is only the earthen vessels and the tools they had made of bones andstone that  tell us  about their way of life, as under the condi-tions  of  our  loose  soil, only those have remai-ned We show an outstanding  group of finds in our  exhibition:  a  sanctuary of the late  Stone  Age  together with the  finds  of  religious relation  found in it. On the  western slope of the  hill we  have  discovered 27 neolithic graves so far. The dead were buried  lying  on  their  left  or right side. It is in Veszto-Magor  that we first found  neolithic gravescontaining coffins in ourcountry. To intergrate solemnity, the dead were painted with reddish ochre, then wrapped in  mat  and  so  put  into  the coffin. Following the late Stone Age, the population living  here at the  time of,  the late Copper  Age  of  the  Tiszapolgar-Culture (2600-2300 B.C.) left  a 90-100 cm thick habitation layer. The 17 graves from the Copper Age, found scattered in the whole field of the settlement, were very rich in ceramics, tools and jewellery. In  prehistory  the hill was  populated last  at the  time  of the Gyulavarsand-Culture (1750-1300 B.C.) of the middle Bronze Age. The  ceramics  of  this  population  certify their high level of workmanshiptheir  developed  aesthetics.  For  almost  2000  years following the middle Bronze Age the hill doesn't show any sign of human life.

The Csolt-Monastery.

A Middle Age Ruin Garden and Historical Exhibition.
 
   At the time of  the  Hungarian Conquest at the end of the 9th century, our ancestors took hold of this  part of the country as well. As the result of  our  excavations, the monastery of the Csolt-clan,  the descendants  of  Vata,  the  first  clan holding pos-session of Bekes County, became known. In the loth century the Csolt-clan ( Vata ) took hold of the greatest part of the  present  Bekes County. After the defeat of the revolt of Vatayhen chief  of  the  clan, in 1046, the organization of the county by the Church could begin.  The first recording is from 1222, and from the later periods we have ent-ries about the monastery from the Pope'stenthsregisters.  In  the  14th  century  it is the descendants of the Csolts, the Abrahamfi's (sons of Abraham) who apper in the docu-ments;  at  the  end  of  this  century  the  history of the monastery ends for unknown reasons,  and  its  territory  is joined  with the neighbouring village, Magor. By 1654 Magor  provesto  be deserted as well. In 1733 two towers of the church were still stan-ding, but in 1798 these fell as well. Between 1810 and 1812,  a member of the Wenckheim family possessing this territory built this cellar where  the exhibition is placed, and that caused  the  complete  ruin of the monastery. During the excavation we found walls or basement  remains of  different  building periods. The first church was built in the first half the 11th century, and we only knowthe  remains  of  the  frescos  decorating its walls. A Romanesque style church and the  rotunda  church  were built in the second half of the same century. In the first third of the  12th century the churc was rebuilt into a three-naved,  typical monastery church:  The angular, U-shaped cloister south of the  church also originals from then.  In a  corner of the yard we also found the well. Outside of the buildings we find the - presumably - bread-oven built of brick. The last great reconstruction  was  at  the  end  of  the 12th century, when the church became a three-naved; wide, pilastered cathedral; with a wall closing the sanctuary and a public altar connected with this. The two thick towers were  at the west end. Along the walls, there were several hundred graves in the churchyard and funeral provisions were no lon-ger placed beside dead of the Middle Ages buried in the spirit of Christian belief. The buildings  of the  monastery were  proportioned by stone ornaments carved typically for that age. One of the finest carvings is the part of a ledge  decorated with a turbanned man's face  and  plaited  palmette.  From  a  scripyhistoric   view,   the  stone  with Latin  inscription  is  of  great importance. In Great Hungarian Plain the whole monas-tery is of the greatest art historic importance.